Modeling Pesticide Effects on Multiple Threatened and Endangered Cyprinid Fish Species: The Role of Life-History Traits and Ecology

Mechanistic models are invaluable in ecological risk assessment (ERA) because they facilitate extrapolation of organism-level effects to population-level while accounting for species life history, ecology, and vulnerability. In this work, we developed a model framework compare the potential fungicide chlorothalonil across four listed cyprinid fish explore species-specific traits importance at population level. The is an agent-based based on dynamic energy budget theory. Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic sub-models were used representing direct effects, whereas indirect described by decreasing food availability. Exposure profiles constructed hydroxychlorothalonil, given relatively short half-life parent chlorothalonil. Different exposure magnification factors required achieve comparable decrease species. particular, those producing fewer eggs with shorter lifespans appeared be more vulnerable. Moreover, sequentially adding effect resulted different outcomes depending interplay life-history density-dependent compensation effects. We conclude stressing using ERA account characteristics especially when dealing accordance necessity reducing animal testing.